1 00:00:15,350 --> 00:00:17,570 everything in nature from the most 2 00:00:17,570 --> 00:00:17,580 everything in nature from the most 3 00:00:17,580 --> 00:00:20,120 everything in nature from the most distant quasar to the coldest chunk of 4 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:20,130 distant quasar to the coldest chunk of 5 00:00:20,130 --> 00:00:22,970 distant quasar to the coldest chunk of cometary ice shines in a particular 6 00:00:22,970 --> 00:00:22,980 cometary ice shines in a particular 7 00:00:22,980 --> 00:00:25,400 cometary ice shines in a particular wavelength of light depending on its 8 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:25,410 wavelength of light depending on its 9 00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:28,040 wavelength of light depending on its temperature many phenomena in the 10 00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:28,050 temperature many phenomena in the 11 00:00:28,050 --> 00:00:29,750 temperature many phenomena in the universe cannot be seen with the naked 12 00:00:29,750 --> 00:00:29,760 universe cannot be seen with the naked 13 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:33,380 universe cannot be seen with the naked eye hot objects such as Paul SARS or 14 00:00:33,380 --> 00:00:33,390 eye hot objects such as Paul SARS or 15 00:00:33,390 --> 00:00:36,549 eye hot objects such as Paul SARS or dying stars emit gamma rays and x-rays 16 00:00:36,549 --> 00:00:36,559 dying stars emit gamma rays and x-rays 17 00:00:36,559 --> 00:00:39,709 dying stars emit gamma rays and x-rays while cold objects such as stars being 18 00:00:39,709 --> 00:00:39,719 while cold objects such as stars being 19 00:00:39,719 --> 00:00:43,040 while cold objects such as stars being formed emit light in the infrared these 20 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:43,050 formed emit light in the infrared these 21 00:00:43,050 --> 00:00:44,869 formed emit light in the infrared these wavelengths can only be detected with 22 00:00:44,869 --> 00:00:44,879 wavelengths can only be detected with 23 00:00:44,879 --> 00:00:46,850 wavelengths can only be detected with very sophisticated instruments placed 24 00:00:46,850 --> 00:00:46,860 very sophisticated instruments placed 25 00:00:46,860 --> 00:00:49,819 very sophisticated instruments placed above our atmosphere to observe the full 26 00:00:49,819 --> 00:00:49,829 above our atmosphere to observe the full 27 00:00:49,829 --> 00:00:52,520 above our atmosphere to observe the full spectrum of light NASA plans to place an 28 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:52,530 spectrum of light NASA plans to place an 29 00:00:52,530 --> 00:00:54,619 spectrum of light NASA plans to place an orbit around the Earth for Great 30 00:00:54,619 --> 00:00:54,629 orbit around the Earth for Great 31 00:00:54,629 --> 00:00:59,100 orbit around the Earth for Great observatories 32 00:00:59,100 --> 00:00:59,110 33 00:00:59,110 --> 00:01:01,320 the first of the four observatories will 34 00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:01,330 the first of the four observatories will 35 00:01:01,330 --> 00:01:03,750 the first of the four observatories will be the Hubble Space Telescope the most 36 00:01:03,750 --> 00:01:03,760 be the Hubble Space Telescope the most 37 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:05,450 be the Hubble Space Telescope the most complex and powerful astronomical 38 00:01:05,450 --> 00:01:05,460 complex and powerful astronomical 39 00:01:05,460 --> 00:01:25,899 complex and powerful astronomical instrument ever built 40 00:01:25,899 --> 00:01:25,909 41 00:01:25,909 --> 00:01:28,389 once in orbit the Space Telescope will 42 00:01:28,389 --> 00:01:28,399 once in orbit the Space Telescope will 43 00:01:28,399 --> 00:01:31,209 once in orbit the Space Telescope will see the sky in all its splendor stripped 44 00:01:31,209 --> 00:01:31,219 see the sky in all its splendor stripped 45 00:01:31,219 --> 00:01:34,020 see the sky in all its splendor stripped of the murky veil of Earth's atmosphere 46 00:01:34,020 --> 00:01:34,030 of the murky veil of Earth's atmosphere 47 00:01:34,030 --> 00:01:36,490 of the murky veil of Earth's atmosphere at the heart of the telescope is its 48 00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:36,500 at the heart of the telescope is its 49 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:39,340 at the heart of the telescope is its near perfect 8-foot mirror it took two 50 00:01:39,340 --> 00:01:39,350 near perfect 8-foot mirror it took two 51 00:01:39,350 --> 00:01:41,889 near perfect 8-foot mirror it took two years for perkin-elmer to grind college 52 00:01:41,889 --> 00:01:41,899 years for perkin-elmer to grind college 53 00:01:41,899 --> 00:01:43,980 years for perkin-elmer to grind college and coke this single piece of glass 54 00:01:43,980 --> 00:01:43,990 and coke this single piece of glass 55 00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:46,990 and coke this single piece of glass capable of focusing light that began its 56 00:01:46,990 --> 00:01:47,000 capable of focusing light that began its 57 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,569 capable of focusing light that began its journey through space 10 billion years 58 00:01:49,569 --> 00:01:49,579 journey through space 10 billion years 59 00:01:49,579 --> 00:01:53,169 journey through space 10 billion years ago you can think of the Space Telescope 60 00:01:53,169 --> 00:01:53,179 ago you can think of the Space Telescope 61 00:01:53,179 --> 00:01:56,020 ago you can think of the Space Telescope as a time machine because the speed of 62 00:01:56,020 --> 00:01:56,030 as a time machine because the speed of 63 00:01:56,030 --> 00:01:57,819 as a time machine because the speed of light is flying on it it takes time for 64 00:01:57,819 --> 00:01:57,829 light is flying on it it takes time for 65 00:01:57,829 --> 00:02:00,850 light is flying on it it takes time for light to get from there to here okay if 66 00:02:00,850 --> 00:02:00,860 light to get from there to here okay if 67 00:02:00,860 --> 00:02:02,260 light to get from there to here okay if we're looking at an object that's 10 68 00:02:02,260 --> 00:02:02,270 we're looking at an object that's 10 69 00:02:02,270 --> 00:02:04,630 we're looking at an object that's 10 billion light-years away which is about 70 00:02:04,630 --> 00:02:04,640 billion light-years away which is about 71 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:07,119 billion light-years away which is about as far as space telescope can see and 72 00:02:07,119 --> 00:02:07,129 as far as space telescope can see and 73 00:02:07,129 --> 00:02:09,969 as far as space telescope can see and define what is singing we're seeing an 74 00:02:09,969 --> 00:02:09,979 define what is singing we're seeing an 75 00:02:09,979 --> 00:02:13,270 define what is singing we're seeing an object whose white left at 10 billion 76 00:02:13,270 --> 00:02:13,280 object whose white left at 10 billion 77 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:15,789 object whose white left at 10 billion years ago the universe is believed to 78 00:02:15,789 --> 00:02:15,799 years ago the universe is believed to 79 00:02:15,799 --> 00:02:18,640 years ago the universe is believed to have begun about 15 billion years ago in 80 00:02:18,640 --> 00:02:18,650 have begun about 15 billion years ago in 81 00:02:18,650 --> 00:02:21,819 have begun about 15 billion years ago in an explosion called the Big Bang since 82 00:02:21,819 --> 00:02:21,829 an explosion called the Big Bang since 83 00:02:21,829 --> 00:02:23,619 an explosion called the Big Bang since then everything in the universe has been 84 00:02:23,619 --> 00:02:23,629 then everything in the universe has been 85 00:02:23,629 --> 00:02:26,979 then everything in the universe has been moving away from us will galaxies and 86 00:02:26,979 --> 00:02:26,989 moving away from us will galaxies and 87 00:02:26,989 --> 00:02:29,349 moving away from us will galaxies and the billions of stars they contain keep 88 00:02:29,349 --> 00:02:29,359 the billions of stars they contain keep 89 00:02:29,359 --> 00:02:31,990 the billions of stars they contain keep getting further and further away or will 90 00:02:31,990 --> 00:02:32,000 getting further and further away or will 91 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:35,229 getting further and further away or will everything eventually contract Space 92 00:02:35,229 --> 00:02:35,239 everything eventually contract Space 93 00:02:35,239 --> 00:02:37,449 everything eventually contract Space Telescope will provide the first real 94 00:02:37,449 --> 00:02:37,459 Telescope will provide the first real 95 00:02:37,459 --> 00:02:41,559 Telescope will provide the first real answers to these questions images of the 96 00:02:41,559 --> 00:02:41,569 answers to these questions images of the 97 00:02:41,569 --> 00:02:43,870 answers to these questions images of the planets will be ten times clearer than 98 00:02:43,870 --> 00:02:43,880 planets will be ten times clearer than 99 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:45,759 planets will be ten times clearer than those taken by the best earthbound 100 00:02:45,759 --> 00:02:45,769 those taken by the best earthbound 101 00:02:45,769 --> 00:02:48,430 those taken by the best earthbound telescopes in use today they will be 102 00:02:48,430 --> 00:02:48,440 telescopes in use today they will be 103 00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:50,650 telescopes in use today they will be similar to those relayed by the robotic 104 00:02:50,650 --> 00:02:50,660 similar to those relayed by the robotic 105 00:02:50,660 --> 00:02:53,259 similar to those relayed by the robotic spacecraft Voyager during its brief 106 00:02:53,259 --> 00:02:53,269 spacecraft Voyager during its brief 107 00:02:53,269 --> 00:02:55,449 spacecraft Voyager during its brief encounter with the planets but Space 108 00:02:55,449 --> 00:02:55,459 encounter with the planets but Space 109 00:02:55,459 --> 00:02:58,089 encounter with the planets but Space Telescope during its 15 year lifespan 110 00:02:58,089 --> 00:02:58,099 Telescope during its 15 year lifespan 111 00:02:58,099 --> 00:03:00,159 Telescope during its 15 year lifespan will be capable of studying these 112 00:03:00,159 --> 00:03:00,169 will be capable of studying these 113 00:03:00,169 --> 00:03:02,970 will be capable of studying these objects over an extended period of time 114 00:03:02,970 --> 00:03:02,980 objects over an extended period of time 115 00:03:02,980 --> 00:03:06,339 objects over an extended period of time it's fine guidance sensors can point for 116 00:03:06,339 --> 00:03:06,349 it's fine guidance sensors can point for 117 00:03:06,349 --> 00:03:09,220 it's fine guidance sensors can point for a period of 24 hours with a stability of 118 00:03:09,220 --> 00:03:09,230 a period of 24 hours with a stability of 119 00:03:09,230 --> 00:03:12,190 a period of 24 hours with a stability of seven milliseconds according to NASA's 120 00:03:12,190 --> 00:03:12,200 seven milliseconds according to NASA's 121 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:14,589 seven milliseconds according to NASA's director of astrophysics dr. Charles 122 00:03:14,589 --> 00:03:14,599 director of astrophysics dr. Charles 123 00:03:14,599 --> 00:03:16,569 director of astrophysics dr. Charles pellerin if you were to take a laser in 124 00:03:16,569 --> 00:03:16,579 pellerin if you were to take a laser in 125 00:03:16,579 --> 00:03:18,909 pellerin if you were to take a laser in Washington and aim it at New York City 126 00:03:18,909 --> 00:03:18,919 Washington and aim it at New York City 127 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:21,370 Washington and aim it at New York City where the accuracy instability of seven 128 00:03:21,370 --> 00:03:21,380 where the accuracy instability of seven 129 00:03:21,380 --> 00:03:23,920 where the accuracy instability of seven million seconds you could have a person 130 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:23,930 million seconds you could have a person 131 00:03:23,930 --> 00:03:25,629 million seconds you could have a person stand on a World Trade Center and hold a 132 00:03:25,629 --> 00:03:25,639 stand on a World Trade Center and hold a 133 00:03:25,639 --> 00:03:27,909 stand on a World Trade Center and hold a dime that laser would never depart from 134 00:03:27,909 --> 00:03:27,919 dime that laser would never depart from 135 00:03:27,919 --> 00:03:30,069 dime that laser would never depart from that time and this is what the device 136 00:03:30,069 --> 00:03:30,079 that time and this is what the device 137 00:03:30,079 --> 00:03:32,949 that time and this is what the device that's very large weighs about 24,000 138 00:03:32,949 --> 00:03:32,959 that's very large weighs about 24,000 139 00:03:32,959 --> 00:03:35,469 that's very large weighs about 24,000 pounds as wheel spinning has motors 140 00:03:35,469 --> 00:03:35,479 pounds as wheel spinning has motors 141 00:03:35,479 --> 00:03:37,749 pounds as wheel spinning has motors meeting antennas turning with all this 142 00:03:37,749 --> 00:03:37,759 meeting antennas turning with all this 143 00:03:37,759 --> 00:03:39,010 meeting antennas turning with all this activity 144 00:03:39,010 --> 00:03:39,020 activity 145 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:40,720 activity device will still point to any place in 146 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:40,730 device will still point to any place in 147 00:03:40,730 --> 00:03:44,530 device will still point to any place in space with that decision quasars are 148 00:03:44,530 --> 00:03:44,540 space with that decision quasars are 149 00:03:44,540 --> 00:03:46,780 space with that decision quasars are probably the most distant objects in our 150 00:03:46,780 --> 00:03:46,790 probably the most distant objects in our 151 00:03:46,790 --> 00:03:49,660 probably the most distant objects in our universe they have an energy output a 152 00:03:49,660 --> 00:03:49,670 universe they have an energy output a 153 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:53,170 universe they have an energy output a thousand times our whole galaxy yet all 154 00:03:53,170 --> 00:03:53,180 thousand times our whole galaxy yet all 155 00:03:53,180 --> 00:03:55,090 thousand times our whole galaxy yet all this energy appears to be coming from a 156 00:03:55,090 --> 00:03:55,100 this energy appears to be coming from a 157 00:03:55,100 --> 00:03:57,280 this energy appears to be coming from a point of light the size of our solar 158 00:03:57,280 --> 00:03:57,290 point of light the size of our solar 159 00:03:57,290 --> 00:03:59,890 point of light the size of our solar system where is all this energy coming 160 00:03:59,890 --> 00:03:59,900 system where is all this energy coming 161 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:03,190 system where is all this energy coming from looking at this and other mysteries 162 00:04:03,190 --> 00:04:03,200 from looking at this and other mysteries 163 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:04,810 from looking at this and other mysteries will be the second of the great 164 00:04:04,810 --> 00:04:04,820 will be the second of the great 165 00:04:04,820 --> 00:04:08,250 will be the second of the great telescopes the gamma ray observatory 166 00:04:08,250 --> 00:04:08,260 telescopes the gamma ray observatory 167 00:04:08,260 --> 00:04:10,570 telescopes the gamma ray observatory there are some theories that say the 168 00:04:10,570 --> 00:04:10,580 there are some theories that say the 169 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:13,180 there are some theories that say the energy coming from quasars may be caused 170 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:13,190 energy coming from quasars may be caused 171 00:04:13,190 --> 00:04:16,000 energy coming from quasars may be caused by a huge black hole sucking up whole 172 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:16,010 by a huge black hole sucking up whole 173 00:04:16,010 --> 00:04:18,729 by a huge black hole sucking up whole stars and then somehow spitting the 174 00:04:18,729 --> 00:04:18,739 stars and then somehow spitting the 175 00:04:18,739 --> 00:04:21,370 stars and then somehow spitting the energy back out the third of the Great 176 00:04:21,370 --> 00:04:21,380 energy back out the third of the Great 177 00:04:21,380 --> 00:04:23,440 energy back out the third of the Great observatories the advanced x-ray 178 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:23,450 observatories the advanced x-ray 179 00:04:23,450 --> 00:04:26,050 observatories the advanced x-ray astrophysics facility will study violent 180 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:26,060 astrophysics facility will study violent 181 00:04:26,060 --> 00:04:28,180 astrophysics facility will study violent events of this nature which emit vast 182 00:04:28,180 --> 00:04:28,190 events of this nature which emit vast 183 00:04:28,190 --> 00:04:30,970 events of this nature which emit vast amounts of x-rays we see cataclysmic 184 00:04:30,970 --> 00:04:30,980 amounts of x-rays we see cataclysmic 185 00:04:30,980 --> 00:04:33,040 amounts of x-rays we see cataclysmic violence high energy is going on in 186 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:33,050 violence high energy is going on in 187 00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:35,530 violence high energy is going on in almost every Astrophysical object it's 188 00:04:35,530 --> 00:04:35,540 almost every Astrophysical object it's 189 00:04:35,540 --> 00:04:37,960 almost every Astrophysical object it's x-ray astronomy through a sensitivity to 190 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:37,970 x-ray astronomy through a sensitivity to 191 00:04:37,970 --> 00:04:39,670 x-ray astronomy through a sensitivity to the sort of million degree temperatures 192 00:04:39,670 --> 00:04:39,680 the sort of million degree temperatures 193 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:42,040 the sort of million degree temperatures that are caused by hot cazness that 194 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:42,050 that are caused by hot cazness that 195 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:45,250 that are caused by hot cazness that really record the violent events parlor 196 00:04:45,250 --> 00:04:45,260 really record the violent events parlor 197 00:04:45,260 --> 00:04:48,660 really record the violent events parlor the universe we see a whole raft of 198 00:04:48,660 --> 00:04:48,670 the universe we see a whole raft of 199 00:04:48,670 --> 00:04:51,790 the universe we see a whole raft of fascinating activity that a uniquely 200 00:04:51,790 --> 00:04:51,800 fascinating activity that a uniquely 201 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,820 fascinating activity that a uniquely x-ray field the last of the four Great 202 00:04:54,820 --> 00:04:54,830 x-ray field the last of the four Great 203 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:57,160 x-ray field the last of the four Great observatories the space infrared 204 00:04:57,160 --> 00:04:57,170 observatories the space infrared 205 00:04:57,170 --> 00:04:59,470 observatories the space infrared telescope facility should complete our 206 00:04:59,470 --> 00:04:59,480 telescope facility should complete our 207 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:01,450 telescope facility should complete our new view of what is going on in the 208 00:05:01,450 --> 00:05:01,460 new view of what is going on in the 209 00:05:01,460 --> 00:05:04,780 new view of what is going on in the universe its domain the very coldest 210 00:05:04,780 --> 00:05:04,790 universe its domain the very coldest 211 00:05:04,790 --> 00:05:07,300 universe its domain the very coldest objects in the sky where stars are born 212 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:07,310 objects in the sky where stars are born 213 00:05:07,310 --> 00:05:10,379 objects in the sky where stars are born and planets begin to form 214 00:05:10,379 --> 00:05:10,389 and planets begin to form 215 00:05:10,389 --> 00:05:13,779 and planets begin to form NASA's four Great observatories pushing 216 00:05:13,779 --> 00:05:13,789 NASA's four Great observatories pushing 217 00:05:13,789 --> 00:05:16,449 NASA's four Great observatories pushing technology into the 21st century to 218 00:05:16,449 --> 00:05:16,459 technology into the 21st century to 219 00:05:16,459 --> 00:05:19,059 technology into the 21st century to provide a new more complete picture of 220 00:05:19,059 --> 00:05:19,069 provide a new more complete picture of 221 00:05:19,069 --> 00:05:21,620 provide a new more complete picture of our universe 222 00:05:21,620 --> 00:05:21,630 our universe 223 00:05:21,630 --> 00:05:23,690 our universe you